The Age Of Manufacturing That Preceded The Romantic Movement

The age of manufacturing that preceded the Romantic Movement was characterized by industrialization and scientific, professional thinking. The philosophy of the era teaches that thoughts and assertions are only meaningful if they can be confirmed with evidence or valid reasoning. As a result, any assertion about entities from the abstract or conceptual alike, whether a statement about mermaids and unicorns or God and nature, is considered meaningless since they cannot be confirmed by factual report. This all started changing when the future leaders of the enlightenment decided that we should resort to more emotional thinking. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, one of the leaders of the enlightenment observed that science was transforming Europe into unemotional machines. He says, Man was born free, but everywhere he is in chains...Let us return to nature.† (Schaeffer 154) Rousseau foresaw a threat to general freedom of thought, which thus sparked the Romantic Movement. Two poets that roman ced nature during this era were: William Wordsworth (1770-1850) and John Keats (1795-1821). â€Å"To Autumn† by John Keats and â€Å"Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey† by William Wordsworth are both comparable and representative of the Romantic Movement. They have separate techniques and application, but are both recognized as significant works of Romanticism. The themes in both poems emphasize nature, emotion, and the capacity for wonder and imagination, which reiterate the sentiments of the era.Show MoreRelatedThe Life And Adventures Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Modern Prometheus1780 Words   |  8 Pagesgenre was a reaction to the Age of reason. The age of reason preceded the enlightenment but was after the renaissance period. The main driving force of the age of reason emphasized the power of the human mind. As a matter of fact, it was during this age of reason that Humanists first developed their ideas. 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It was the age of Delluc, Epstein, Balà ¡zs, Eisenstein . . . Every film critic was something of a theoretician, a filmologist. Today, we tend to smile at this attitude; at any rate we believe, more or less surely, that the criticism of individual films states allRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. 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Why Is Media Effects Important Free Essays

16 CHAPTER 1 paradigm† (Gitlin, 1978), more powerful, yet subtle effects, such as social control, manufacturing of consent, and reluctance to challenge the status quo, are unable to be studied; so they are ignored. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO STUDY MEDIA EFFECTS With all these questions about the existence and substance of media effects, why is it important to continue to study them? Students in introductory mass communication courses are often reminded that mass communication is functional in society (Wright, 1986) and an important field of study because of its role as a major societal institution. Mass communication is an important economic force in the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Is Media Effects Important or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 1993, the entertainment industry alone (movies, music, cable television, and home video) brought an estimated $50 billion into the U. S. economy. Network television advertising added an additional $30 billion (Warner, 1993). Mass communication is also an important political force, acting as a watchdog over official actions and as the platform for political information and activity. The Watergate scandal, for example, was brought to light by the Washington Post and the Pentagon papers were first published by the New York Times. Political campaigns are now built around television. In 1992, the Republicans spent two-thirds of their budget on television advertisements for George Bush. Talk shows and news program coverage are crucial to campaigns. Our political leaders contact the public primarily through the mass media—press conferences, political talks. Ronald Reagan noticed that there was little political news that was made during the weekends, so he (an old radio announcer, himself) began to make radio addresses about various issues on Saturday mornings. These addresses got so much news coverage (Martin, 1984), in part because there was so little else happening, that Saturday morning radio talks are a current presidential practice. At the same time, mass media are a major source of entertainment and the main source for news for most people. In 1995, a majority of people in the United States turned to media for news: 70. 3% were regular viewers of local television news, 67. 3% were regular viewers of network television news, and 59. 3% read a daily newspaper. In INTRODUCTION 17 addition, 48. % listened regularly to radio news and 31. 4% read a news magazine regularly (Stempel Hargrove, 1996). Beyond the importance of mass communication in society, there are two main reasons for continuing to study media effects. The first reason is theoretical. Although most scholars acknowledge that mass media effects can occur, we still don’t know the magnitude and inevitability of the effects. That is, we don’t know how powerful the media are among the range of other forces in society. And, we don’t know all the conditions that enhance or mitigate various effects. Most importantly, we don’t understand all the processes by which mass communication can lead to various effects. Research in media effects must continue to add to our knowledge. A second reason for studying media effects is practical and policy oriented. If we can elaborate the conditions and understand the various processes of media effects—how media effects occur—we can use that knowledge. At a practical level, understanding the processes of media effects will allow media practitioners to create effective messages to achieve political, advertising, and public relations-oriented goals. Additionally, agencies will be able to formulate media campaigns to promote prosocial aims and benefit society as a whole. That is, understanding the processes of media effects will allow media practitioners to increase the likelihood of prosocial media effects. Most importantly, understanding how media effects occur will give parents, educators, and public officials other tools to fight negative media effects. If we understand the processes of media effects, we will also understand how to mitigate negative effects. No longer will changing or restricting media content be the only methods to stop media effects. We will be able to mitigate negative media effects by also targeting aspects of the process of impact. WAYS TO CONCEPTUALIZE MEDIA EFFECTS: DIMENSIONS OF MEDIA EFFECTS Over the years, scholars have suggested that it is useful to analyze media effects along specific dimensions (Anderson Meyer, 1988; Chaffee, 1977; McGuire, 1986; J. M. McLeod, Kosicki, Pan, 1991; J. M. McLeod Reeves, 1980; Roberts Maccoby, 1985). Some of the dimensions delineate the type of effect; other dimensions elaborate the conditions of media impact. 18 CHAPTER 1 Cognitive-Affective-Behavioral Dimension Media effects are commonly described along a cognitive-affectivebehavioral dimension, which marks a distinction between acquisition of knowledge about an action and performance of the action. Mass communication scholars have been greatly influenced by persuasion models that see human action as logical and driven by cognition (e. g. , McGuire, 1985). This dimension is important in keeping scholars from assuming that knowledge and attitudes translate directly into action. Persuasion research during World War II, for example, found that although media content may be quite effective at teaching information, it had less influence on attitude formation and motivation to act (Hovland, Lumsdaine, Sheffield, 1949). The Theory of Reasoned Action (Fishbein Ajzen, 1975) posits that, although knowledge and attitudes have some impact on behavior, their influence is mediated (or eliminated) by social constraints. Micro- Versus Macrolevel Another dimension that describes the type of effect is one that focuses on the level of media influence: micro- versus macrolevel. Most concern about media effects focuses on impressionable audiences and has been grounded in psychological approaches. So, there is a wealth of research on media effects at the individual, or microlevel. It is a fallacy, however, to assume that all media effects are accumulations of individual-level effects. Scholars recognize that a focus solely on individual-level media effects can obscure more subtle societal-level effects. Research on the effects of Sesame Street, for example, showed that children of all socioecomic status (SES) classes learned from the program. But, that learning led to another, unintended effect: a widening gap in knowledge between higher and lower SES groups. Although all children learned from the program, children from higher SES families learned at a faster rate (Cook et al. , 1975). So, individual knowledge gain may lead to greater inequities in society. Another area in which an accumulation of individual-level effects might conceal more macrolevel effects is news learning. Although many researchers have uncovered various media-related influences on public-affairs knowledge (e. g. , J. P. Robinson Levy, 1986, 1996), these studies cannot assess the completeness, accuracy, or objectivity of media’s presentations about public affairs. Several scholars argue that larger influences on news gathering and reporting may make INTRODUCTION 19 ndividual-level knowledge effects inconsequential because news sources and practices present only limited public affairs information to the public (e. g. , Gitlin, 1980; Herman Chomsky, 1988; Tuchman, 1978). So, knowledge gain by individuals may not necessarily be functional for society. Several important effects of mass media maybe at the societal, institutional, or cultural level. Over the years, for example, the expanding telecommunications revolution has changed, and no doubt will continue to affect how political campaigns and the workings of govern-ment are conducted. Clearly, scholars need to consider various levels of media impact. Intentional Versus Unintentional Another dimension of media effects directs scholars to consider whether the effects are intended versus unintended—planned for or accidental. Although this dimension is a descriptive one, it also offers some insights in the processes of media impact. For example, the development of knowledge gaps between high and lower SES children who watched Sesame Street is generally considered an unintended effect of the flow of media information. So, cholars and media policymakers study ways to close accidental knowledge gaps by increasing access to a variety of sources of information, by making information more relevant to lower SES groups, or by increasing the motivation of lower SES audience members to seek additional information. The identification of these knowledge-gap effects as accidental, then, has led scholars to focus on how knowledge is carried by the mass media, how audiences a ccess that knowledge, and how people use media-delivered information. Another example of the relevance of the intended versus unintended dimension is one effect of television violence. The cultivation hypothesis suggests that one, often overlooked, effect of television violence is that it affects social perceptions of heavy viewers and leads those groups who are victimized in television drama to feel fearful, alienated from society, and distrusting of others (Gerbner Gross, 1976; Gerbner et al. , 1994). If scholars believe that these effects are unintentional due to the conventions of television drama production, they might advocate certain remedies to help mitigate these effects, such as television program ratings to help fearful people avoid certain programs or to help parents screen what their children watch. If, on the other 20 CHAPTER 1 hand, scholars believe that cultivation is an intentional effect designed to reinforce the existing power structure in society by structuring reality for women and minorities so that they avoid involvement in political affairs, possible solutions would be quite different. Those scholars (at the very least) would be less trusting of television program ratings affixed by television producers and probably not advocate that sort of solution to cultivation effects. Studying unintended effects can be a way of increasing media effectiveness. Dramatic story lines in soap operas and telenovelas have been found to not only captivate their audiences but bring about knowledge gain and some prosocial attitudinal effects (e. g. , Singhal Rogers, 1989). So this dimension of media effects directs scholars to search for a range of effects, beyond those planned for the media producers. Content-Dependent Versus Content-Irrelevant The content-dependent versus a content- irrelevant distinction reflects the impact of specific classes of media content as opposed to the impact of media use itself. The most visible media effects research has focused on the effects of specific media content, such as stereotypes, violence, and pornography. This research assumes that specific content is linked to specific effects. As J. M. McLeod and Reeves (1980) paraphrase the nutritional analogy, â€Å"We are what we eat†: We are what we watch. So, one way to reduce aggressive behavior in children would be to reduce the amount of violent media content that they read or watch. Or, one way to reduce sexual aggression against women would be to reduce access to media content that depicts violence against women. Although there is a good deal of evidence of the effects of specific media content, scholars should also be aware that some effects are due less to specific media content, and more to the form of the content or the act of media use. Displacement effects are a commonly identified content-irrelevant effect. Lazarsfeld and Merton (1948) suggested that political involvement could suffer if people become politically â€Å"narcotized. That is, public affairs media use might replace real political action and some people might be informed, but politically apathetic. Watching television has been attributed with lower academic achievement because children are replacing homework and study with television watching (Armstrong Greenberg, 1990; Hornik, 1978). INTRODUCTION 21 Other content-irrelevant effects maybe due to the form of the media presentation. Tavris (1 988) is one writer who has suggested that television’s regular commercial interruptions has led to shorter attention spans. Scholars (Shannon Weaver, 1949) investigating how information theory is relevant to media effects have found that the randomness of television’s formal features are connected to aggressive responses (Watt Krull, 1977). Kozma (1991) speculated how the form and use of different media lead to different learning styles and outcomes. And there is a good deal of evidence that arousing media content, whether it is violent, pornographic, or suspenseful, can lead to similar excitation effects (Zillmann, 1980, 1982). In order to understand how media effects occur, we need to uncover, first, if they are content-relevant or content-irrelevant. Short Term Versus Long Term Media effects can be long or short term. This dimension is not only a descriptive one, but also helps describe the process of media effects. When we examine media effects, we need to question how long the effect is theoretically expected to last. Some effects, such as increased arousal (or relaxation) are relatively short term, and disappear quickly. Others, such as agenda setting, may last somewhat longer, but may disappear as the media agenda changes. Still other effects, such as the social learning of aggressive behavior, are expected to be fairly enduring, especially if the aggressive behavior, once performed, is rewarded. Some theories do not specify the persistence of their effects. Do the stereotypes that children learn from television persist even as children watch less and less television as they get older? How long do the effects of televised political ads (and their associated voting intentions) last? What are the possibilities that new ads (and new information) will change voting intentions? And what are the implications of differing periods of influence? Clearly, short-term effects can have a profound impact. If, for example, a short-term arousal effect of a violent film leads someone to get involved in a fight, permanent injury could result. But, if agenda-setting effects last only as long as an issue stays near the top of the media agenda, what long-lasting impacts can result? Media effects scholars should be clear in specifying the duration of the effects that they study. 22 CHAPTER 1 Reinforcement Versus Change A final dimension of media effects is that of reinforcement versus change. Does media exposure alter or stabilize? The most visible media effects studies focus on how media content or exposure changes the audience (or society or culture). For example, we are concerned how placid children might be changed into aggressive ones by watching violent cartoons. Or that respectful men will change into uncaring desensitized oafs through exposure to pornography. Or that voters might have their political values adjusted through exposure to political ads. Or that ignorant citizens will become knowledgeable through exposure to public affairs news. And so on. There is evidence, though, that communication’s strongest effect, overall, is reinforcement and stabilization. Selective exposure leads people to prefer media messages that reinforce their preexisting views. Selective perception points out that people interpret media content to reinforce their attitudes. Because it is often easier to observe change than reinforcement, we often neglect media’s power to stabilize. Advertisements that keep supporters active in a political campaign and keep them from wavering in support yield important effects. Media content that reinforces the already existing aggressive tendencies of a young boy may be an even more important influence than prosocial messages that have little impact. We must be careful not to equate reinforcement effects with null effects. CONCLUSION The study of media effects is grounded in the belief that mass communication has noticeable effects on individuals, society, and culture. Evidence for these effects, though, is problematic. On one hand, despite consistence findings of effects, the variance accounted for is typically small. Moreover, the strongest effects are usually relegated to laboratory settings, which are highly artificial settings. There are, however, several reasons to expect that research underestimates media effects. Our models, theories, and methods are still imprecise; we still cannot offer complete explanations for media effects. The study of media effects remains important so that we can increase understanding of the role mass communication plays in shaping our lives. Awareness of the process of media effects will allow us to use mass communication effectively—to maximize desirable outcomes and minimize negative effects. How to cite Why Is Media Effects Important, Essay examples

Effectiveness of Lifestyle Interventions in the Prevention of Type 2

Question: Discuss about the Effectiveness of Lifestyle Interventions in the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Among Adults: A Systematic Review. Answer: Literature Review The rise of noncommunicable diseases in recent decades has stood out as a significant public health problem for both developed and developing countries. This rise is primarily attributed to both an ageing population, and also the shift to nutrition and dietary habits of the western world and the sedentary lifestyles. This shift, especially and dietary habits is influence by both development (socioeconomic and technological), urbanisation and globalisation (Alouki, Delisle, Bermdez-Tamayo, Johri, 2016). Diabetes stands out as one of the major noncommunicable disease attributable to nutrition. Its worldwide prevalence increases rapidly and especially in the developing nations. As per the most recent statistics, 400 million people worldwide, 29.1 million people in the US, 3.8 million people in the UK, and 1.2 million people in Australia suffer from diabetes, with 90% of which present with type II diabetes (T2D) (International Diabetes Federation, 2016; CDC, 2016; Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), 2018; Public Health England, 2016). Type 2 diabetes is a lifestyle disease which can be prevented by lifestyle changes, in terms of changes in dietary habits and also increased physical activity. A number of studies have reported success in the reduction of T2D prevalence through the of lifestyle interventions (Gong, et al., 2011; Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study Research Group, 2013). Weight control is central to the prevention and management of T2D independent of the dietary factor. Owing to the fact that obesity is a major risk factor for T2D, lifestyle interventions aimed at weight management are central to its prevention. Except for some Asian countries (China and India in particular), minimal research has been conducted so far on diabetes prevention programs in developing countries. A number of systematic reviews on this topic have been conducted so far, and they do not all reach the conclusion that there is enough data to recommend the use of lifestyle interventions as advocated for by diabetes prevention programmes currently. As such, this systematic review aims at addressing some questions: Among high risk groups, does combined diet and physical activity interventions have an impact on glycaemic control and the incidence of T2D? Does the patients age, sex or ethnicity affect their participation in combined diet and physical interventions and the resulting incidence of T2D? Does the nature of the trial (explanatory or pragmatic trial) influence the effect of combined diet and physical activity interventions on the participants? Aims of this review The questions outlined above spell the aim of this systematic review, which simply put, aims at synthesizing recent evidence from the past ten years on the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in the management of weight in glycaemic control and eventually on the incidence of type II diabetes among adults. Search Strategy In order to identify all relevant studies on the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in the management of weight in glycaemic control and eventually on the incidence of type II diabetes, a search will be conducted on the following electronic databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Academic Search Complete. The search terms shown table 1 below will be used. The alternative keywords and phrases as identified using thesaurus, a search on Google Scholar followed by scanning of the results for alternative words and phrases, and lastly, the use of the US National Library of Medicines Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) search are shown in the third row and will be used accordingly. Patient or Population or Problem Intervention (or Exposure) Comparison Outcomes Type II Diabetes Diet Physical activity N/A Weight management Glycaemic control Incidence of type II diabetes Diabetes Mellitus Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Dietary Management Nutritional Management Diet Therapy Diet Habits Feeding Behaviour Nutritional Therapy - Exercise - Physical Education and Training N/A HBA1c blood sugar Weight reduction plan Diabetes mellitus incidence Incidence of diabetes mellitus Type II diabetes incidence Incidence of Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus The MeSH and other relevant terms as identified above will then be combined with Boolean operators AND and OR and used appropriately. This will lead to combinations such as (i) Type II Diabetes (title) OR Diabetes Mellitus (MeSH) OR Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (MeSH) OR Type 2 Diabetes (MeSH) OR Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (MeSH) AND (ii) Diet (title) OR Dietary management (MeSH) OR Nutritional management (MeSH) OR diet therapy (MeSH) OR diet habits (title) OR Feeding Behaviour (MeSH) OR Nutritional therapy (MeSH) OR physical activity (title) OR exercise (MeSH) OR Physical Education and Training (MeSH) AND (iii) glyc##mic control (title) OR HBA1c or blood sugar OR weight management (title) OR weight reduction plan (MeSH) OR incidence of type II diabetes (title) OR diabetes mellitus incidence (MeSH) OR incidence of diabetes mellitus (MeSH) OR type II diabetes incidence (MeSH) OR incidence of Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (MeSH) OR Maturity-Onset Diabetes Mellitus (MeS H). Truncation and wildcards will be used sparingly, with the following terms adult*, Diabet####, gly##mic. The search will be limited to studies that involved adults as participants. Additional searching will also be done on the reference lists from the identified relevant systematic reviews The results from the search will be imported to Endnote X7 to be assesses of relevance to the current review, duplicates and those not in English language will be removed. The remainder will be assessed by title alone, and the irrelevant ones will be removed. The abstracts of the remaining studies will then be assessed. The full texts of those that will remain will be examined against the following inclusion and exclusion criteria: Original research articles published in peer-reviewed journals. The study participants were adults (18 years and above), and classified to be at a high risk of developing the disease attributable to aggregation of risk factors such as obesity, impaired fasting glycaemia, gestational diabetes, or impaired glucose intolerance. The study will include the interventions of dietary modifications or physical activity or both for the prevention of the condition or weight management and control of obesity. Studies whose outcomes are weight management, glycaemic control, incidence of type II diabetes and other relevant outcomes. Studies published between January 2012 and December 2017. Studies that were only published in English and not translated from any language. The articles full text has to be accessible. Studies conducted both in the clinical and in an academic environment. The following will be the exclusion criteria: Duplicate copies of the same study Studies published in a language other than English Student thesis reports and studies published on company websites. Books or book chapters. Those studies that will have met the above inclusion and exclusion criteria for the review will be tabulated. Study quality assessment The quality of the identified documents will be then analysed. The quality will be based on three factors: internal validity, external validity, and bias. Study quality assessment will be conducted for the purposes of evaluating the validity of the identified studies. As reiterated by Staples and Niazi, (2007), it is quite challenging to determine the extent to which threats of validity have been addressed by the researchers. Therefore, the quality assessment has to be based on research paper structure criteria. For the current study, the assessment will be evaluated on structure: Introduction, Research Method, Results, Research Conduct and Ethical Concerns, and Conclusion. The researcher will evaluate whether each potential study answers the following questions. Does the papers introduction section provide an overview of diabetes, and lifestyle modifications? Does the study clearly describe the research methodology adopted? Are the study results defined in the paper? Are they helpful in answering the search questions developed for the current study? With regard to research conduct and ethical conduct, does the researcher uphold the research code of conduct in the region which the study was undertaken? Generally, the paper should outline how the research upheld the principles of; (a) honesty in communicating the research goals, methods and procedures, (b) reliability in performing the research and also communicating the results, (c) objectivity in interpretation and concluding on the facts and data arrived at, (d) impartiality and independence from interested parties or economic or financial interests, (e) openness and accessibility of the study and its materials, (f) duty of care for the study participants, (g) fairness in proper referencing and giving due credit to the work of others, (h) responsibility for future science generations (European Science Foundation:, 2017). On the conclusion section, does the paper report the findings (both positive and negative properly) And does it address the studys limitations? Search Results A search on MEDLINE with Full Text, CINAHL, and Academic Search Complete identified 372 results. A total of 90 duplicates were removed. Upon assessment of the titles and abstracts of the 282 remaining studies, another 27 studies were excluded, leaving 255 full-text articles for further review (figure 1 below). One (1) paper was further excluded as it had originally been published in Spanish, and even though it was re-published in English, it was excluded as per the current reviews inclusion and exclusion criteria. Out of the 254 remaining full-text articles, 158 were excluded. One article was excluded on the basis of just being a study protocol for a study in the future, 5 articles were excluded for not specifying the type of diabetes that was studied, another 8 studies had included subjects who had not made the cut-off age for the current study (18 years). Further, another 11 studies were not accessible, 45 were not peer-reviewed, 37 did not adopt a lifestyle-based intervention (die t or physical activity), another 26 did not meet this systematic reviews criteria, and the abstracts of another 25 studies did not contain adequate information to determine the inclusion criteria had been met. The 96 remaining studies recruited adult samples of 30 to 7,467 participants. The reported mean age was on average, 45 years (37 to 50 years). Female participants made up about 60%. the studies had adopted either diet or physical activity as the lifestyle interventions, and they measured the outcomes in terms of weight management, glycaemic control and incidence of type II diabetes mellitus. Risk of bias within studies The methodological aspect of the first ten included studies were assessed for risk of bias. The assessment was carried out as per the Cochrane collaborations tool for assessing risk of bias (Higgins, et al., 2011). As per the tool, the studies are assessed on 7 parts where there is the likelihood of bias. On the 7 domains, one is to respond with either a yes to indicate low risk, no to indicate significant risk, or unclear to indicate that there was not enough information to come up with the decision on the risk of bias. The median score was 7 (minimum -1, maximum 9); only three studies (Frank et al., 2014; Jacobs et al., 2015; Liubaoerjijin, Terada, Fletcher, Boul, 2016) were regarded as having a low risk of bias , five (Mandalazi, Drake, Wirflt, Orho-Melander, Sonestedt, 2016; Parajuli, Saleh, Thapa, Ali, 2014; Sangeetha et al., 2013; Shu, Chan, Huang, 2017; Yom-Tov et al., 2017) had moderate risk , while two (Grntved et al., 2014; Mikus, Oberlin, Libla, Boyle, Thyfault, 2012) were regarded as having high risk . References Alouki, K., Delisle, H., Bermdez-Tamayo, C., Johri, M. (2016). Lifestyle Interventions to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Economic Evaluation Studies. J Diabetes Res., 2159890. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW). (2018, January 18). Diabetes. Retrieved from Australian Institute of Health and Welfare: https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports-statistics/health-conditions-disability-deaths/diabetes/overview CDC. (2016, July 25). Working to Reverse the US Epidemic: At A Glance 2016. Retrieved from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/aag/diabetes.htm Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study Research Group. (2013). Long-term effects of the Diabetes Prevention Program interventions on cardiovascular risk factors: a report from the DPP Outcomes Study. Diabet Med, 46-55. European Science Foundation: (2017). European Code of Conduct. Berlin: All European Academies. Frank, L. K., Krger, J., Schulze, M. B., Bedu-Addo, G., Mockenhaupt, F. P., Danquah, I. (2014). Dietary patterns in urban Ghana and risk of type 2 diabetes. The British Journal Of Nutrition, 112(1), 89-98. doi:10.1017/s000711451400052x Gong, Q., Gregg, E., Wang, J., An, Y., Zhang, P., Yang, W., . . . Bennett, P. (2011). Long-term effects of a randomised trial of a 6-year lifestyle intervention in impaired glucose tolerance on diabetes-related microvascular complications: The China Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Outcome Study. Diabetologia, 300-7. Grntved, A., Pan, A., Mekary, R. A., Stampfer, M., Willett, W. C., Manson, J. E., Hu, F. B. (2014). Muscle-strengthening and conditioning activities and risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study in two cohorts of US women. Plos Medicine, 11(1), e1001587-e1001587. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001587 Higgins, J. P., D. G., Gtzsche, P. C., Jni, P., Moher, D., Oxman, A. D. (2011). The Cochrane Collaborations tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ, d5928. International Diabetes Federation. (2016). Facts and Figures. Retrieved from International Diabetes Federation: https://www.idf.org/WDD15-guide/facts-and-figures.html Jacobs, S., Harmon, B. E., Boushey, C. J., Morimoto, Y., Wilkens, L. R., Le Marchand, L., . . . Maskarinec, G. (2015). A priori-defined diet quality indexes and risk of type 2 diabetes: the Multiethnic Cohort. Diabetologia, 58(1), 98-112. doi:10.1007/s00125-014-3404-8 Liubaoerjijin, Y., Terada, T., Fletcher, K., Boul, N. G. (2016). Effect of aerobic exercise intensity on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of head-to-head randomized trials. Acta Diabetologica, 53(5), 769-781. doi:10.1007/s00592-016-0870-0 Mandalazi, E., Drake, I., Wirflt, E., Orho-Melander, M., Sonestedt, E. (2016). A High Diet Quality Based on Dietary Recommendations Is Not Associated with Lower Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in the Malm Diet and Cancer Cohort. International Journal Of Molecular Sciences, 17(6). doi:10.3390/ijms17060901 Mikus, C. R., Oberlin, D. J., Libla, J., Boyle, L. J., Thyfault, J. P. (2012). Glycaemic control is improved by 7 days of aerobic exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia, 55(5), 1417-1423. doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2490-8 Parajuli, J., Saleh, F., Thapa, N., Ali, L. (2014). Factors associated with nonadherence to diet and physical activity among Nepalese type 2 diabetes patients; a cross sectional study. BMC Research Notes, 7, 758-758. doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-758 Public Health England. (2016, September 13). 3.8 million people in England now have diabetes. Retrieved from Gov.uk: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/38-million-people-in-england-now-have-diabetes Sangeetha, S., Fatimah, A., Rohana, A. G., Norasyikin, A. W., Karuthan, C., Nik, S. S., . . . Nor, A. K. (2013). Lowering dietary glycaemic index through nutrition education among Malaysian women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. Malaysian Journal Of Nutrition, 19(1), 9-23. Shu, P. S., Chan, Y. M., Huang, S. L. (2017). Higher body mass index and lower intake of dairy products predict poor glycaemic control among Type 2 Diabetes patients in Malaysia. Plos One, 12(2), e0172231-e0172231. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172231 Staples, M., Niazi, M. (2007). Experiences using systematic review guidelines. Journal of Systems and Software, 1425-1437. Yom-Tov, E., Feraru, G., Kozdoba, M., Mannor, S., Tennenholtz, M., Hochberg, I. (2017). Encouraging Physical Activity in Patients with Diabetes: Intervention Using a Reinforcement Learning System. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(10), e338-e338. doi:10.2196/jmir.7994

Thought Leadership

THOUGHT LEADERSHIP In today’s rapidly moving day and age, business arenas change and evolve all the time. And with all of those transformations and progressions come the want and need for the exchange of ideas, concepts and solutions. The oil and gas industry is no exception. That’s why many companies are incorporating, thought leadership into their business practices. They engage a targeted executive audience with compelling findings dispensed through articles, newsletters, publications and digital media. Thought leadership revolves around establishing and maintaining a commanding voice about topics of relevance and concern to your target audience. It’s about providing answers to their biggest questions; it’s about addressing the newest hot topics in and offering reliable information—and, perhaps, your own perspective—about those issues. The ultimate goal of employing thought leadership is to establish your company as a leading authority in the world. It’s also a useful way to jump-start relationships where none existed, while enhancing relationships that already exist. â€Å"Our hope is that whoever comes across one of our articles or blog posts will find some value in it,† explains Amal Abdallah, a social media and marketing coordinator for Clover Global Solutions, a Houston-based staffing agency for the industry. â€Å"We offer people a new perspective on something, especially if they’re not very familiar with that topic; the written piece sparks interest in the subject and lets people learn more about it.† Clover’s questions at the end of its blog posts engage readers and spur thought leadership. A recent piece about competence assurance evoked quite a few responses. â€Å"It’s a way educate, inform, promote discussion and encourage people to think outside the box,† says Abdallah. â€Å"And we’ve been getting some really good responses from people who agree that it’s very important. They then offer their opinions on different types of disciplines within the industry.† Practicing and disseminating thought leadership has numerous benefits. Besides educating readers about OG, companies also use it to start new relationships, strengthen existing affiliations, build brand familiarity and form brand loyalty. Thought leadership content also gives companies exposure in their lines of work; it places them in the forefront of—and in a position of authority about—the current conversations and issues in their businesses. Thought leadership can come from any source: executives, customers, product managers, designers, customer service reps and sales people. Each employee has a unique point of view, as well as valuable knowledge and experience. AECOM recently tackled the issue of how people with creative minds and spirits can positively influence sustainable communities associated with extraction projects around the world. Paul Fennelly, senior vice president of business development for AECOM Environment business line, was invited by New York’s Storefront for Art and Architecture to participate in a panel discussion called Environments of Extraction. Fennelly developed a theme around the concept that most oil gas exploration and production projects have a finite lifetime of 25 years, and one can think of them as having a discrete beginning, middle and end. Fennelly’s contributions to the panel resulted in some lively discussion about the future of fossil fuels and how the audience can learn more about sustainability issues surrounding large scale extraction. Cardno, which has been providing services to clients ranging from global corporations to local specialized companies for more than 30 years, recently answered some of these questions regarding Australia: What’s the economic outlook for the industry in Australia, and what opportunities are there for growth?; Do you foresee continued growing demand for across international markets?; and, What are the top environmental concerns relating to the industry, and how can they be addressed? Cardno experts Paul Webber (sector leader – Energy, Australia and New Zealand) and Anthony Lane (senior principal – Cardno Lane Piper) provided some valuable insights into this escalating sector. And BP has addressed the topics of personal health and safety, readiness in case of an oil spill, sharing and embedding lessons learned from major accidents and managing the impact on protected wildlife â€Å"Our thought leadership topics go with what the trends of the industry are,† says Clover Global Solutions’ Abdallah. â€Å"For example, if somebody is looking for a position in oil and gas, we address the best city to live if you want to work in that field and where the hot spots for oil in America are. In another example, we had a blog post that talked about some of the steps you can take if your company is being acquired by another and you might be losing your job.† Clover believes that people seek out thought leadership because OG is an incredibly dynamic industry that requires you to stay not only with game but also ahead of the game. Abdallah sums up the role that thought leadership plays in her company’s 2014 plans: â€Å"We want our end result to be to find somebody who may be interested in working for Clover or who is interested in acquiring Clover as a client. Ultimately, though, we want to be sure that we can always offer intuitive and informative and educational blog articles as thought leadership so that we keep that level of integrity and professionalism.† A PRIMER Thought Leadership 101 Writing a compelling thought leadership piece begins with the development of a topic. But if that first step seems like a big leap, take heart: Here’s some advice to clear the way and help you create a topic that will resonate with your readers. Thought leadership is an entry point to a relationship. A successful thought leadership article will intrigue, challenge, and inspire even people who are familiar with a company. It will help start a relationship where none exists and enhance existing relationships. Being an expert on something doesn’t automatically make you a thought leader. Thought leaders have a knack for sharing knowledge. Thought leadership requires an immediate information outlet, such as a blog, that allows you to comment quickly on news and changing circumstances in your field. Your thought leadership article should deliver answers to the biggest questions on the minds of your audience. Remember: The audience determines what the questions are. Keep the â€Å"I† out of your article as much as possible and focus on â€Å"You.† How do you know what’s on your audience’s mind? Ask! If possible, query your readers directly. But if that’s not possible, you can follow the example of an international oilfield services company that is embarking on a thought leadership campaign. They surveyed key managers who are close to customers to get a sense of what the customers are thinking. Some of the questions the company asked its managers were: What are the most pressing concerns of the oil and gas operators you talk to? What do they want to do better/smarter/more profitably? What have they been surprised to find out? What areas do they wish they knew more about or felt more competent about? What are the questions they ask you? What have you been asked to consult with operators about? Before you put pen to paper or fingers to keyboard, ask yourself if the topic you’re considering: addresses a timely issue offers new insight identifies an issue that readers might not even know about is interesting, provocative, or even counter intuitive Your thought leadership article should be educational, but it’s OK to also be entertaining. In fact, nothing turns most readers off faster than a dry, rote lecture. Include stories and examples that bring the topic to life. Include facts from credible, unbiased sources. Tell readers what to do. Seriously. Provide a practical, achievable call to action.

The discovery of Fluorine Essays - Industrial Gases, Free Essays

The discovery of Fluorine Essays - Industrial Gases, Free Essays The discovery of Fluorine title = The discovery of Fluorine The isolation of fluorine had challenged chemist for many years, taking the lives of at least two scientists in the process. Fluorine receives its name from the Latin, fluo, meaning flow. The first real attempt to free fluorine, was done by a chemist by the name of Humphyry Davy, between the years of (1811-1813). He first tried to liberate the element by using the chemical methods, but this failed. He then went on to try and electrolysis process using batteries. The problem with this was that the electrolytes used either produced Hydrogen and Oxygen or fluoric acid in vapor form, making it difficult to study. He then went on to fashion a electrochemical cell from horn silver because the hydrogen fluoride attacked glass. But this also failed , his hydrogen fluoride contained water. Davy gave up. Next Louis-Joseph Gay-Lussac and Louis-Jacques Thenard were able to create a liquid hydrogen fluoride free of water. But it doesn't conducted the electricity needed for electrolysis. Thus ended their weak attempts to create fluorine. In 1834, Faraday (God of Electrolysis), used the electrolysis of lead fluoride in platinum vessels to yield fluoride vapors, HORAA! But no after rigorous examination he too failed. Then along came a student of Faraday, Henri Moissan, he used electrolysis with hydrogen fluoride and Fremy's method , the result ,a yellow gas fluoride. Finally after the loss several scientists lives, not to mention the pain and suffering felt at the hands of chemists while strange chemicals ate through their vital organs. All of this in the name of Science, and there quest to find new elements. That can accomplish many new wonderful things such as the separation of uranium. That we can use in Nuclear power plants to supply 3 percent of the world's power and in nuclear weapons so powerful they can only be used for peace keeping. But Fluorine can also be used for other useful things like in pharmaceuticals, , insecticides, and high energy fuels. Hey these fuels can be used to make dragsters faster or help in NASA's quest.

Using the Spanish Noun Vez

Using the Spanish Noun Vez Vez (plural veces) is one of the most commonly used nouns of Spanish and can usually be precisely translated as occurrence, although in practice it is usually translated as time. Here are some examples of everyday usage: Mil veces te quiero, Alejandro. I love you a thousand times, Alejandro.Llegamos cuatro veces a la final. We made it four times to the final.Ser la à ºltima vez que me veas. It will be the last time you see me. Una vez is usually translated as once, although obviously it could also be translated literally as one time, and dos veces can be translated as twice or two times: Se toma una vez por dà ­a en un nivel de dosis decidido por el mà ©dico. It is taken once per day at a dosage level decided by the doctor. ¿Te has enamorado dos veces de la misma persona? Have you fallen in love with the same person twice?Sà ³lo se vive dos veces es la quinta entrega de la saga James Bond. You Only Live Twice is the fifth installment in the James Bond series. Veces can be used in making comparisons such as the following: Es una pila que dura hasta cuatro veces ms. Its a battery that lasts up to four times longer.La envidia es mil veces ms terrible que el hambre. Jealousy is a thousand times worse than hunger. Uses of Vez and Veces Vez and veces can be used in a variety of phrases. The following examples show some of the most common, although these arent the only translations possible: Alguna vez voy a ser libre. Sometime I am going to be free.El gato de Schrà ¶dinger sigue estando vivo y muerto a la vez pero en ramas diferentes del universo. Schrà ¶dingers cat was alive and dead at the same time but in different sections of the universe.A mi vez, no puedo comprender el tipo que dice que la casa es tarea de la mujer. For my part, I cant understand the type who says housework is a womans job. (Also used are phrases such as a tu vez, for your part, and a su vez, for his/her part.)Cada vez que te veo me gustas ms. Every time I see you I like you more.La actriz tolera cada vez menos la intrusià ³n en su vida. The actress is tolerating the intrusion in her life less and less.De vez en cuando es necesario perder la razà ³n. Once in a while it is necessary to be wrong.Estoy fantaseando en vez de estudiar. I am daydreaming instead of studying.A veces sueà ±o que ests conmigo. Sometimes I dream that you are with me.Los baratos muchas veces salen caros. Cheap things oft en sell for a high price.  ¿Por quà © el mar algunas veces se ve verde y otras veces azul? Why does the sea sometimes look green and other times blue?Habà ­a una vez una gata vivà ­a en una casita blanca. Once upon a time a cat lived in a little white house.Una vez ms Einstein tiene razà ³n. Once again, Einstein is right.La red otra vez fuera de là ­nea. The network went offline again.La felicidad se encuentra rara vez donde se busca. Happiness is rarely found where it is looked for.

History of Industrial Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

History of Industrial Design - Essay Example As a result of these negative impacts, major players such as Germany made great improvements to secure the future of plastics. Some of these changes were around things such as an assumption that the consumers would willingly and eagerly purchase the new and advanced plastic (Venturi & Rauch, 1978). Secondly, there was also the aspect of an emerging mass-culture. Mass media completely changed the culture of the plastic consumers. Also intensified new communication forms that never existed before made a cultural climate change inevitable. This plastic influence on culture emanating from the earlier motives of innovation and substitution drastically conditions the people’s perception on plastics and lifestyles. As a result of these changes, plastics continue to exist in the present world. High tech plastics are been applied in a world of places. The absolute dominance of plastics has to the world that it is not a bad thing as it was once thought. The American architect wrote his Complexity and contradiction in architecture to verify a fact in the theory of architecture and practice. Venturi tries to reinforce the principles of architecture back a mainstream that is always established under the popular culture. In his work, Venturi privileged some issues in an attempt to underscore his objective. Venturi privileged the non-straightforward Architecture. He clearly puts it clear the he appreciate and likes elements that are hybrid as opposed to pure, He also puts it openly that he likes elements that are distorted as opposed to straight forward ones (Venturi & Rauch, 1978). Secondly, on contradiction and simplification, he puts out clearly that the modern architects have opted for the primitive methods of solving problems while ignoring the most diverse and sophisticated ones. Venturi believes that for perfect work then the architects must establish a balance between these two sides of the coin. And lastly, venture also touches on the ambiguity.

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 28

Education - Essay Example Therefore, the American economy might find itself irreparably outdated if the current behavior is not changed and the students urged to concentrate more on their studies and less on partying and watching television. The film provides statistical data that indicate how the American students are behaving as compared to students in other regions. This is when considering commitment to education. Here, the average American student spends more time when watching television shows as compared to the time spent when learning. Specifically, this adds to 1,500 hours each year and 900 hours when learning or in the classrooms (â€Å"Two Million Minutes: A Global Examination (13 Minute Cut) Part 2†). American students depicted in the film also confirm that they view school as a rite of passage. Moreover, the American students have lower hours allocated for learning per day. At least 66% of these students allocate at most one hour for doing homework every day (â€Å"Two Million Minutes: A Global Examination (13 Minute Cut) Part 2†). The statistical data provided by the film with respect to the time that the American students allocate to education during weekends is more worrying. This is becaus e not even one hour is allocated to education during weekends. These students like having other activities, which are not related to education such as partying. The choice of subjects done by American students is also worrying. This is because they do not choose the subjects of interest, which their counterparts in India and China take advantage of. Such subjects include science and mathematics. This is as compared to other students in different countries who take higher education with higher levels of seriousness especially through pursuing these competitive subjects. According to the documentary, the students in India and China show different behavior in all aspects such as the hours they allocate to education, the subjects of

Psychology- Prejudice Essay Example for Free

Psychology- Prejudice Essay 1. Evaluate Tajfel’s core study in terms of streotypes and weakness [10] Prejudice and Discrimination have been always controversial and it has become one of the crucial topics in the world of Social Psychology. Henry Tajfel was a British social psychology who is well known for his SIT or Social Identity Theory; ‘Intergroup Discrimination’ (1970). This theory has been useful to identify the social causes of prejudice and as well as explaining individual differences. First of all, this study is aimed to show or demonstrate that merely putting or diving people into groups could cause them to discriminate the other group. Tajfel’s procedure of the experiment involved two laboratory experiments. The subjects of the first experiment contained 64 boys, 14 and 15 year-old from a school in Bristol. The boys from each group knew each other well, since they were actually in the same houses at the school. The second experiment was similar to the first one, since 48 students also already knew each other. In terms of stereotypes and his study, Tajfel proposed that Stereotyping or putting people into groups is based on a normal cognitive; we tend to group or categories things. By the statement, he meant that we see the people in our group are just the ‘same’ with us because there are certain similarities that makes us parallel with them and there’ll be a tendency of us calling the ‘same’ people â€Å"us† and those who are different or out-group â€Å"them†. This study also has its weaknesses and strengths. One of the strengths; Laboratory experiment method, which makes him to able controlling the environment in terms of what the subjects had experienced during the test, therefore he can ensure that there are no influences that would change their behaviour later on. Manipulation of the environment also makes him able to obtain replication due to its standardness in procedures. However, since all of the participants were all male, similar age and came from the same country. In terms of experiment, this study has become biased. It is difficult to decide whether it is good enough to be generalised, due to its gender, age and geographical limitations. The ecological validity is doubtful, considering the experiments were lab studies, where we can jump to an argument that this involved unusual task is held in artificial environment. In other words, the participants acted in the way they thought was demanded of them; Demand Characteristic. This experiment deals with a disruptive and anti-social, very general commons of society in explaining and understanding the causes of prejudice and discrimination. Moreover, this piece of research could be beneficial or helpful to our daily life. Nevertheless, the applications are still limited, regard to ecological validity and the gender, race and cultures.

The Balance Of Power Theory Essay -- essays research papers

The Balance of Power Theory The most critical and obvious feature of international affairs is its state of anarchy. The international stage features many indepent actors each seeking their own best interest and security . With no sovereign body to govern over these actors it would seem that the system would never be capable of attaining any control. However this is not the reality of the system, we have seen in history that it is possible to restrain the players. It is said to be as a result of the concept of the Balance Of Power, which dictates the actions of states and provides a basis of control that states use when dealing with each other. This essay is aimed at investigating the concept of the balance of power and will in turn discuss the following points. The use of the B.O.P. concept to explain the behaviour of states . The ideal behaviour of states in the B.O.P. system and the problems of B.O.P. analysis. The concept of the B.O.P. can be a useful tool in explaining the behaviour of states. Mostly because it is founded on the theory that all states act to preserve thier own self interest. If they are to do this they must prevent domination by any other state, which leads to the assumption that they must build up power and form alliances. Throughout history we can see the B.O.P. concept in action. The clearest example of the B.O.P. concept can be found in the Cold War. In the Cold War the two superpowers the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. held a stable world balance between t...

The Scarlet Letter

The minister hips himself â€Å"Laughing bitterly at himself the while, and smiting so much MO re pitilessly, because of that bitter laugh† (120). Timescale is miserable and pathetic that while he is torturing himself for his sin, he laughs at himself. By laughing bitterly at himself If he shows weakness and knows how pitiful he is, understanding that he is a true disappear ointment to everyone including himself. Though with all this torture it â€Å"Typified the constant NT introspection wherewith he tortured, but could not, purify himself' (120).These punishment TTS reveal the examination of Damselfly's mental and emotional processes, which explain his constant internal struggle. After he tortures himself, Timescale is still not purified. H e can only become wholesome when he exposes the sin to the townspeople. In the forest scene, Timescale decides to run off with Hester, but on the path home his mind becomes controlled by the evil. While passing by young Puritan children, the minister had to restrain himself from â€Å"uttering certain blasphemous jugs sections† (179).Timescale wants to teach them unholy words. By doing this he is corruption g the minds of these innocent, pure children when he is supposed to be a role model for them. As a Puritan minister, Timescale would never be having these thoughts, he was a different man. T he minister had â€Å"Stupefied all blessed impulses and awakened into vivid life the whole brother hood of bad ones† (182). Timescale was tempted by a dream of happiness that he became too eager envisioning a better life than the one he has now.All of his â€Å"blessed senses† had become â€Å"SST updated†, and he is not thinking the way he was before. By using the word â€Å"vivid† it makes the BRB therefore of all the bad impulses more clear and striking. Timescale is now startled at him self of thinking these thoughts and quickly tries to recover himself. Damselfly's confession in the l ast scene on the scaffold is the action that pr vides his salvation. The minister stood on the scaffold with a â€Å"Flush of triumph in hi s face, as One who in the crisis of acutest pain, had won a victory' (209).He has a triumph express Soon on his face in which he appears that he had just accomplished a great victory and achieved .NET. During the time when the minister had kept his sin a secret, he was a miserable man, who WA s pained and distressed from the guilt of suppressing the sin from the rest of the townspeople pale. However, now hat Timescale has confessed the sin his wretched self can now be freed FRR mom the torturing remorse he went through, and can now finally come clean.The minister then finishes his sermon by saying † Had either of these agonies been wanting, [He] had been lost for e eve (210). He is saying his final goodbye, and says that God had brought him there to die in trip unmeant shame in front of all the people. God gave him the burning mark on his chest, and the d ark and terrible Chlorinating to always keep the torture redroot. Without any of these agonies s Timescale would have been lost forever, God's will has been done. Timescale had pop red his heart into this sermon, using all his energy until his spirit departs. The Scarlet Letter I would like to focus on the key points with adultery which is the consequences for adultery all around the world, religion and the media. To begin with, different areas around the world consider adultery to be illegal and other places do not. Adultery's. Org cites that consequences of adultery can be between divorce, criminal actions or even silver lining (â€Å"Adultery Laws†). Just in the united States, our states treat adultery different. Slate. Com notes that Colorado, Georgia, Nebraska and North Dakota andUtah punishes the married person when committing adultery. Also, the District of Columbia, and Michigan says that if the man is married and he commits adultery with a unmarried women he is guilty but if the women is married and she commits adultery with an unmarried man than they are both at fault. In Massachusetts, Michigan, Idaho and Oklahoma treat adultery as a felony. Then in Pennsylvania the adulterer is punished two years in prison or eighteen months of treatment for insanity Acidulate†).Knowing that there are many diverse types of consequences of committing adultery can be valuable especially when Hester Prone committed adultery and she was looked down upon and judged. In my perspective, Hester could've gotten treated worse, such as living in Pennsylvania where you go to prison for a couple years or eighteen months of getting treated for insanity. In Europe, between the fifteen and sixteen century, they would be put in court by the church which would impose good morals.

Business Ethical Problem

From September 2010 to May 2011 I interned with the Health Care Administration under the direction of the Executive Nursing Administrator at a hospital facility with nationally integrated service networks. I was told at the time of my hire that I would be privy to all conferences which took place with administrative officers; and that information discussed would be strictly confidential. During the course of my internship there were conferences held with administration and other â€Å"agents† at least once a week. I attended 2 meetings during my internship— neither of them eventful—and was conveniently given my supervisor’s work to complete while she attended the aforementioned conferences. Unknown to me at the time, the facility was under investigation due to complaints filed with the Attorney General from clients, client’s families and medical staff; including nurses and medical doctors. I learned quite recently that special federal investigators had been carrying out an official examination of the hospital since August 2010; concerning quality control issues, adherence to hospital policy and procedures; and other legal matters, including but not limited to: †¢Embezzlement of grants/misappropriation of funds †¢Understaffing Personnel employed in management positions where they were neither qualified, certified nor did they have prior experience in regard to the units they managed †¢Clients being admitted to psychiatric units without a 2 PC order †¢No PRN Protocol in place and agitated clients were admitted to units causing injury to self, other workers and clients. †¢Patient neglect and injuries due to accidents One day I was instructed by the Executive Nursing Administrator (ENA) to prepare 2 spreadsheets: One was a patient satisfaction survey and the second was a unit complaint survey which was to include in the questionnaire specific areas of complaint. I prepared the surveys and since I was given no direction, I researched what questions to ask; and (with SUNY’s documented approval); I utilized my university’s survey program. I prepared the surveys and they were approved by administration (hospital director, medical director and the ENA. I was then instructed to conduct the two survey interviews, which took place from September 2010 to March 2011. Ethical Problems I Faced: At the time of my internship the Unit Complaint Survey I constructed contained the name of the complainant, person’s title and 7areas of complaint; each complaint involved a different area of concern and was to count as a total number of complaints in that particular area; (i. e. : understaffing, p atient injuries/accidents, lack of prompt medical attention; admission documents incomplete, missing or not signed by the admitting physician, medication errors, etc. When Administration (who had previously approved the survey) reviewed the results of the questionnaire and observed that almost all of the units had more than 20 complaints a week, the ENA requested me to adjust the number of complaints to one per person if he/she had filed complaints in several areas of concern. In addition, I was to modify the number of complaints per Unit in regard to specific areas of concern to and combine the figures to reflect 1 complaint in that area. In other words, if 10 units had the same complaint regarding patient injury, the10 complaints would be combined on the survey and count as 1 instance of patient injury. After I completed my internship, the administrative nursing assistant called on behalf of the ENA (who took credit for creating the survey) to request that I come in and train health administrative personnel on how to use the programs I created; and to instruct them on recreating new spreadsheets with the template I had designed for the surveys utilizing SUNY’s survey/software program.

THE EXTENDED FAMILY A SOURCE OF STRENGTH AND HOPE essays

THE EXTENDED FAMILY A SOURCE OF STRENGTH AND HOPE essays THE EXTENDED FAMILY: A SOURCE OF STRENGTH AND HOPE In his books Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck captured the reality of the struggles that struck mankind in different forms and in various levels as he had observed during his lifetime. Steinbeck observed mainly Californians and migrants who had suffered from poverty and distress brought to them by the Depression and the Dust Bowl, the dust storm that brought drought to the Great Plains during 1932 to 1939. He began to write books to sympathize with and encourage the many downtrodden people whom he had watched. Steinbeck suggested a method of comfort and relief to those who were alone and suffering; he discussed the significance that an extended family has in providing its constituents the strength to cope with their economic insecurities and social problems. Due to the Dust Bowl and the Depression that hit the United States in the thirties, many Oklahomans experienced a sudden abandonment from their landlords. Since most Oklahomans were farmers, many were left jobless once they were kicked off their land. For the sake of survival, this economic catastrophe resulted in two different cases of reactions: that of Muley Graves and that of the Joads. Steinbeck introduced a character, Muley Graves, who became a beggar because he was too attached to the land to leave and too independent to abide with his family that had left, travelling to California. Too stubborn to budge, Muley just scowled, If they throw me off, Ill come back... I aint a goin...An I aint a-going while remanding behind by the land that no longer was under his family control or estate, eating wild animals to survive. However, a different mentality of the farmers was shown through the Joads. When their land was taken away, for the sake of survival, Joads did not hesitate to leave their land at once: their houses were left vacant on th...

90s vs. 2000s

Both decades are different in that the 1990’s had less technology, kids were well behaved and it was a more peaceful time; the 2000’s now have all kinds of technology, everyone has to have the newest phone or computer, a lot of kids are brats who want the newest video games and there’s a lot of security at places like airports because of so many terrorist attacks. The technology difference from both decades is huge, because all there was back then was vhs, cassette, and standard cable with 50 channels or so, a couple different types of cellular phones, dial up computers and so on. With technology today, everyone has a cell phone, most people have some type of computer or lap top, there are blu ray and DVD players, either cable or satellite television with high definition, smart phones with touch screens, high speed broadband, and cars that can tell someone when there veering onto a side lane. Next is a big difference which is how different children act whether it is to adults, each other, or in public. In the 1990’s most kids had parents who were physically able to play with them; kids were creative and found so many different games or activities to do’ they were respectful to whomever they came into contact with because they were raised well. Now when looking at most children they either are crying in public with their parents screaming at them, playing on their parents’ phone or tablet, prefer to stay in the house to play video games online, and most parents don’t play with their kids anymore because they are either too hung up on their laptop or too tired from being fat. Finally going back to the 90’s everyone felt safer or not worried about some kind of terrorist attack like people do now. Back then airports didn’t need so much security; people didn’t have to worry about a crazy person shoot up a movie theatre or mall. Now on weekends certain malls require teens under age 18 to be accompanied by an adult over the age of 21 because of gang violence over the years. These decades differences are very different, but are only a few contrasts between the two decades. The music and social era between these two decades is another difference. In the 90’s was an era that was mainly dominated by rock and booming hip hop music industry. This music was brought on to people with baggy or tight fitted clothing. People would walk around with their cassette players jamming out to their new favorite artist. Now in the 2000’s people mainly listen to their iPods or phones because it’s easiest to acquire music that way via wireless connection from the Internet. They also listen to rap or pop because everyone is about what’s mainstream and popular. People like to wear tighter and shorter fitting clothing now because that’s also what the popular fashion is. People in the 90’s communicated through telephone or just drove or walked to each other’s house to talk or do something. Now people rely on texting each other to find out where they are located and what they want to do rather than going to each other’s house, or calling because it’s not the same type of communication; a lot has changed. Technology and music has definitely made a huge impact on how people socialize and act. Overall I think the 90’s was a great era filled with a lot of memories and seeing a lot of changes happens. It was great being able to also grow up into the 2000’s because that was when technology really started to grow and so much was happening with the world. The advantages and disadvantages of growing up in each era are very different mainly because of all the changes, but a lot of them were good and some were bad. References The 1990’s. (2013). History of the 90’s. Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/1990s The 2000’s. (2012). Americas best history – U. S. Timeline 2000’s. Retrieved from http://americasbesthistory. com/abhtimeline2000. html

Research report assisting a client in a career choice Essay

Research report assisting a client in a career choice - Essay Example Even though the job market is promising for both accountants and real estate agents the ability, taste and preference of the candidates are the factors that determine the job that should be provided to them. Only then right persons can be placed on right job. In this report at first the various factors that are to be considered before selecting the job are studied in detail on the countries perspective. After that an analysis of the interview conducted with the you is done to help us determine which job suits you the most. Human Resource Management or HRM is playing a prominent role in the modern economy for taking an appropriate organizational or personal decision in a most significant manner. As far as an organization is taken in to consideration, human resources or the people belonging to an entity are the most valued asset. Personal management is quiet important, because the selection of right person for the right job is necessary to accomplish the goals and perform the work in a better manner. In this particular report, it is necessary to take a most appropriate decision about the career selection in the present scenario. At present, due to the modernization and change in values and living style, the standard of living of the society or people got changed a lot. As a result of which, the level of education also got improved. As far as an individual is taken in to consideration, employment is one of the key concepts in the present scenario. Identification of proper career choice is a key concept during the life time of humans. For the selection of a best suited career, requires a combination of knowledge, skill, experience, interests, and resources. Proper and effective utilization of theoretical knowledge and skills in to practical life is essential in this regard. In case of humans, it is important to set personal goals, which will accomplish during the life time through the proper career selection. While making recommendations about the better career selection, it is necessary to taken in to consideration certain areas like nature of the work, salary, working conditions, qualification, experience and Personality. All these factors can be studied in detail on the country's perspective at first. Nature of work: Nature of the work is the core factor that is to be considered at first. Nature of the work refers to the activity or work the employee should do when he is placed on a job. This is what an employee considers at first. While considering the post of accountant it can be seen that the accountant is left with the job of maintaining the day book and preparing the final accounts. But nowadays the scope of the job has been extended towards analyzing the financial data too. Real estate agents are those who act as middle man between the customer and real estate broker. The nature of job of a real estate agent is to find persons who are in need of apartments or any other property and to make them purchase the apartments or properties from the real estate broker whom he is contracted with. In simple words his duty would be to boost up the sales of real estate broker. "Real estate agent in America helps seller by marketing their properties and selling it for the highest possible price and on the other hand helps buyer in finding a real estate according to their needs and helps them in purchasing a property for the lowest possible price" (US Real